Oklahoma History Academic Standards
4.3.1 Identify and describe early settlement patterns of regions in the United States.
Oklahoma History Center Education Resources
Traveling TrunksArchaeology
OkieTales Archaeology
E-Exhibit
Archaeology in Oklahoma
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
W. David Baird, "Westward Expansion"
Donald E. Green, "Settlement Patterns"
Research Center Resources
Ray Allen Billington and Martin Ridge, Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier (New York: MacMillan, 1982)
Grant Foreman, Pioneer Days in the Early Southwest (Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1926)
Stan Hoig, Beyond the Frontier: Exploring the Indian Country (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998)
Joseph A. Stout, Jr., ed. Frontier Adventurers: American Exploration in Oklahoma (Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1976)
Additional Resources
"U.S. Settlement Patterns," Encyclopedia Britannica
A. Draw conclusions from maps to show how climate, vegetation, natural resources, and historic events affect the location and growth of settlements.
Research Center Resources
National Trail Study and Environmental Assessment, Coronado Expedition, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1992 (Oklahoma Historical Society Map Collection)
Audio/Visual
"Map Showing Routes of Early Explorations and Expeditions," Grant Foreman Collection, OHS
B. Identify major American Indian groups and their ways of life in each region, including economic activities, customs, and viewpoints on land usage and ownership.
Oklahoma History Center Education Resources
History Alive! Living History
1830s Beadwork Artist
Traveling Trunks
American Indians of Oklahoma in the Modern Era
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
Andrew K. Frank, "Seminole (tribe)"
Annette Kuhlman, "Kickapoo"
Benjamin R. Kracht, "Kiowa (tribe)"
Carolyn Garrett Pool, "Wichita"
Clara Sue Kidwell, "Choctaw (tribe)"
Dianna Everett, "Apache Tribe of Oklahoma"
Donald Fixico, "American Indians"
Douglas R. Parks, "Pawnee (tribe)"
Glen Roberson, "Peoria (tribe)"
Helen M. Stiefmiller, "Delaware, Eastern"
James P. Pate, "Chickasaw"
Jon D. May, "Eel River"
Jason Baird Jackson, "Games, American Indian"
Jason Baird Jackson, "Yuchi (Euchee)"
John R. Lovett, "Ottawa"
Jon D. May, "Conestoga"
Jon D. May, "Erie"
Jon D. May, "Iowa"
Jon D. May, "Seneca-Cayuga"
Jon D. May, "Tonkawa (tribe)"
Josh Clough, "United Keetowah Band"
Lisa A. Kraft, "Citizen Potawatomi"
Loretta Fowler, "Arapaho, Southern"
Louis F. Burns, "Osage (tribe)"
Mark van de Logt, "Ponca"
Pamela A. Smith, "Shawnee, Absentee"
Pamela A. Smith, "Shawnee, Eastern"
Pamela A. Smith, "Shawnee Tribe (Loyal Shawnee)"
Pamela Koenig, "Miami (tribe)"
Pamela Koenig, "Mohawk"
Rennard Strickland, "Cherokee (tribe)"
Rick Stansfield, "Wyandotte (tribe)"
Robert L. Brooks, "Precontact Agriculture"
Susan C. Vehik, "Precontact Hunting Patterns"
Susan C. Vehik, "Precontact Trade Patterns"
Theodore Isham and Blue Clark, "Creek (Mvskoke)"
Timothy James McCollum, "Delaware, Western"
Timothy James McCollum, "Quapaw (tribe)"
Timothy James McCollum, "Sac and Fox"
Thomas W. Kavanagh, "Comanche (tribe)"
William E. Unrau, "Kaw (Kansa)"
Research Center Resources
Bert Anson, The Miami Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970)
W. David Baird, The Quapaw Indians: A History of the Downstream People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980)
Martha Royce Blaine,The Ioway Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979)
Robert J. Conley, Cherokee Encyclopedia (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2007)
Grant Foreman, The Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1934)
Arrell M. Gibson, The Chickasaws (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972)
Michael D. Green, The Creeks (New York: Chelsea House, 1990)
William T. Hagan, The Sac and Fox Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958)
James H. Howard, The Ponca Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996)
William Kirkland Jones, Notes on the History and Material Culture of the Tonkawa Indians (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1969)
Thomas W. Kavanagh, The Comanches: A History 1706-1875 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999)
Sharon Malinowski, ed. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes (Detroit: Gale, 1998)
Rennard A. Strickland, The Indians of Oklahoma (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1981)
William C. Sturtevante, ed. Handbook of North American Indians (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978-2004)
William E. Unrau, The Kansa Indians: A History of the Wind People, 1673–1873 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971)
Doris Valley and Mary M. Lembcke, eds., The Peorias: A History of the Peoria Tribe of Oklahoma (Miami, OK: The Peoria Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, 1991)
C.A. Weslager, The Delaware Indians: A History (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1972)
Grace Steele Woodward, The Cherokees (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963)
Muriel H. Wright, A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1951)
Additional Resources
Links to Tribal Government Official Sites
"Native American Cultures," History.com
"Native American Societies Before Contact," Khan Academy
"North American Indians," Encyclopedia Britannica
C. Summarize the reasons for key expeditions of North America by Spain, France, and England and their impact on the development of each region.
Oklahoma History Center Education Resources
Traveling Trunks
Oklahoma Explorers
14 Flags Over Oklahoma
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
Douglas A. Hurt, "Chouteau, Auguste Pierre"Brad Agnew, "Fur Trappers and Traders"
Lynn Brown, "Great Spanish Road"
Dianna Everett, "European Exploration"
Dianna Everett, "Mallet Expeditions"
Dianna Everett, "Du Tisné, Claude-Charles"
Tom Lewis and Sara Jane Richter, "Coronado Expedition"
Larry O'Dell, "St. Denis, Louis Juchereau de"
Chad Williams, "Twin Villages, Battle of the"
Research Center Resources
John S. C. Abbott, Ferdinand de Soto: Discoverer of the Mississippi (New York: Dodd & Mead, 1873)
Herbert Eugene Bolton, ed. Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542–1706 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1916)
William Sanders, Conquest: Hernando de Soto and the Indians, 1539–1543 (Holicong, Penn.: Wildside Press, 2003)
William D. Welge, Early Visitors to Oklahoma (Oklahoma City: Commonwealth Press, 2009)
Additional Resources
James E. Bruseth and Nancy A. Kenmotsu, "From Naguatex to the River Daycao: The Route of the Hernando de Soto Expedition through Texas," North American Archaeologist 14 (No. 3, 1993)
Duncan, David Ewing. Hernando de Soto: A Savage Quest in the Americas (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996)
"Exploration of North America," History.com
"French and Dutch Exploration of the New World," Khan Academy
"Spanish and French Exploration," AP U.S. History Notes
D. Identify push and pull factors of human migration.
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
Andrew K. Frank, "Trail of Tears (term)"Andrew K. Frank, "Indian Removal"
Donald N. Brown, "Immigration"
William H. Mullins, "Okie Migrations"
Research Center Resources
Daniel F. Littlefield and James W. Parins, eds. Encyclopedia of American Indian Removal, Volume 1, A–Z (Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press, 2011)
Online Primary Sources
"Affidavit of Charles Pitt Regarding the 'Palmer Treaty, 1855,'" DocsTeach
"Indian Removal Act," 1830, DocsTeach
Additional Resources
"Cool Facts and Tips on Migration," ESchool Today
"The Push and Pull Factors of Human Migration," Study.com
E. Evaluate the impact of the Columbian Exchange on American Indian groups, African slaves and European settlers, including agriculture, trade, culture, military alliances, control of territory, and the sudden and significant decline of indigenous peoples.
Oklahoma History Center Education Resources
Traveling Trunks
Fur Trade in Oklahoma
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
Barbara Krauthamer, "Slavery"
Clyde Ellis, "American Indians and Christianity"
Clyde Ellis, "American Indians and Education"
Research Center Resources
Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1972)
Clyde Ellis, To Change Them Forever: Indian Education at the Rainy Mountain Boarding School, 1893–1920 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996)
Arrell Morgan Gibson, ed. Between Two Worlds: The Survival of Twentieth Century Indians (Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1986)
William H. Goetzmann, Army Exploration in the American West, 1803–1863 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1959)
Josiah Gregg, Commerce of the Prairies, ed. by Max L. Moorhead (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954)
Katja May, African Americans and Native Americans in the Creek and Cherokee Nations, 1830s to 1920s (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1996)
Russell Thornton, American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987)
David H. Usner, Jr., Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in a Frontier Exchange Economy: The Lower Mississippi Valley Before 1783 (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1992)
Online Primary Sources
"'Peace and Friendship' Treaty with the Creek Nation in New York," 1790, DocsTeach
Additional Resources
"The Columbian Exchange," Khan Academy
"The Columbian Exchange"
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