Oklahoma History Academic Standards

OKH.1.3 Compare the goals and significance of early Spanish, French, and American interactions with American Indians, including trade, the impact of disease, the arrival of the horse, and new technologies.

"Feeding An Army: Historic Fort Gibson," Crossroads

Oklahoma History Center Education Resources

Traveling Trunks
Oklahoma Explorers
Fur Trade in Oklahoma

The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture

Dianna Everett, "European Exploration"
Douglas A. Hurt, "Three Forks Area"
Brad Agnew, "Fur Trappers and Traders"
Lynn Brown, "Great Spanish Road"
Dianna Everett, "Fabry de la Bruyère, André"
Dianna Everett, "Du Tisné, Claude-Charles"
Dianna Everett, "Mallet Expeditions"
Tom Lewis and Sara Jane Richter, "Coronado Expedition"
Anne Million, "French"
Larry O'Dell, "St. Denis, Louis Juchereau de"
Carl N. Tyson, "De Mézières, Athanase"
Carl N. Tyson, "La Harpe, Jean Baptiste Bénard de"
Carl N. Tyson, "Oñate, Juan de"
Chad Williams, "Twin Villages, Battle of the"

Research Center Resources

Joseph A. Stout Jr., Frontier Adventurers: American Exploration in Oklahoma (Oklahoma City: 1982)
Odie B. Faulk, Kenny Arthur Franks, and Paul F. Lambert, Early Military Forts and Posts in Oklahoma (Oklahoma City: 1978)
John A. Walthall and Thomas E. Emerson, ed. Calumet & Fleur-de-lys: Archaeology of Indian and French Contact in the Midcontinent (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992)

Audio/Visual

Online Primary Sources

Pedro Reyes Castaneda, "The Journey of Coronado, 1540-1542: From the City of Mexico to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado and the Buffalo Plains of Texas, Kansas, and Nebraska, as told by himself and his followers" (New York: A.S. Barnes, 1904)
"Spanish & Mexican Indian Policy," Native American Relations in Texas, Texas State Library and Archives Commission

Additional Resources

"France in America," Library of Congress
"Oklahoma Indian Country: One State, Many Nations," NewsOK.com
"The Chouteaus," Oklahoma Image Statewide Humanities Project
Mildred Mott Wedel, "The Deer Creek site, Oklahoma: a Wichita Village Sometimes called Ferdinandina, an Ethnohistorian's View," Series in Anthropology Number 5, Oklahoma Historical Society (Oklahoma City: 1981)
"Coronado Expedition, 1540s," New York Public Library Digital Collections
Map of Coronado and Army, The Portal to Texas History
Roger M. Carpenter, "'Times are altered with us': American Indians from contact to the New Republic" (Malden: Wiley Blackwell, 2014)
Guns, Germs, and Steel, PBS
"Trade Relations Between Indians and Europeans 1600-1800: A Story Map"
"The New World: A Stage for Cultural Interaction," Teachinghistory.org
"A Song for the Horse Nation: Horses in Native American Cultures," Smithsonian
Elizabeth A. Fenn, "Impact of Disease on Native Americans," Colorado Encyclopedia
Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian, "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 2

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